The Strait of Hormuz is a bottleneck for oil tanker traffic, but what is a bottle neck? If you have listened to the news recently, you have almost certainly heard the expression "a bottleneck". It is a classic metaphor, an image used in place of a direct word or phrase that illustrates an idea/concept. It is meant to help your understanding of a more difficult concept or idea. When you come across one in your reading or listening, it might be helpful to make a mental image of

Is perfection necessary in business writing? What do you think of the following student written email? How would you improve it? Dear everyone, I have been thinking whether the number of students at our co-op practicum program is appropriate. I feel the number is too low. These days, getting talented young human resources has become difficult. Because this program makes a chance to get to know our company well, so it is so important to grow the company. Even though this needs

(Pre-listening vocabulary exercise below) Where's My Golden Age? The State of the Union seems like a long time ago Paul Krugman Mar 06, 2026 Vocabulary for Paul Krugmen's Video Here is a 19 word vocabulary list you can pre-study to prepare to listen to Paul Krugmen's video about the President's speech and the state of the US economy. You can also click the button to go to some vocabulary exercises in my Google Drive. State of the Union = a yearly presentation by the US pres